Q. Which among the following judges is known for having pioneered the PIL or Public Interest Litigation?
Answer: Justice PN Bhagwati
Notes: The era of PILs started in India in 1979 when a Lawyer Kapila Hingorani filed a petition regarding the condition of the prisoners detained in the Bihar jail in Supreme Court. This petition is known as Hussainara Khatoon Vs State of Bihar. This case resulted in release of 40,000 prisoners, whose suits were pending in the court. The case was heared by justice PN Bhagwati, who is now known as father of PIL litigation in India. However, in SP Gupta vs Union of India case later Supreme Court had defined the term "public interest litigation".