Q. With reference to India's obligations under the Montreal Protocol, which of the following ozone-depleting substances (ODS) have been completely phased out by India as of 2023?

1. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
2. Halons
3. Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs)

Select the correct option from the codes given below:
Answer: Only 1 & 2
Notes: Under the Montreal Protocol, India has fully phased out CFCs and Halons by 2010 and 2002 respectively. HCFCs are being phased out gradually and India has adopted a stepwise reduction schedule, with complete phase-out targeted for 2030. Thus, as of end 2023, only CFCs and Halons are fully phased out, not HCFCs.