Answer: United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (OPHI)
Notes: The Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2025 Report was released by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and Oxford Poverty & Human Development Initiative (OPHI). Out of 6.3 billion people in 109 countries, 1.1 billion (18.3%) live in acute multidimensional poverty. 43.6% face severe poverty with deprivation in half or more MPI indicators. 83.2% of the poor live in Sub-Saharan Africa (565 million) and South Asia (390 million). In India, multidimensional poverty fell to 16.4% (2019–2021) from 55.1% (2005–06), lifting 414 million people out of poverty. Common deprivations include clean cooking fuel, housing, and sanitation, and over 80% live in climate hazard-prone areas.
