The ratio of annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration
The Aridity Index (AI) is a crucial metric that assesses the dryness of a region by comparing annual precipitation to potential evapotranspiration. Drylands, which include arid and semi-arid ecosystems, cover about 40% of the Earth’s land surface and are vital for global agriculture. A higher AI indicates a wetter climate, while a lower AI signifies aridity, impacting biodiversity and land use.
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