Q. Mission Indradhanush launched by the Government of India pertains to (UPSC Prelims 2016)
Answer: immunization of children and pregnant women
Notes: The correct answer is [A] immunization of children and pregnant women.Launched in December 2014 by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Mission Indradhanush is a strategic initiative to achieve full immunization coverage in India.

• Immunization Focus (Statement A – Correct): The mission aims to vaccinate children under the age of two and pregnant women against eight vaccine-preventable diseases: diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus, poliomyelitis, tuberculosis, measles, meningitis, and Hepatitis B. In select areas, vaccines for Japanese Encephalitis and Haemophilus influenzae type B are also provided.
• Smart Cities (Statement B – Incorrect): The construction and development of smart cities fall under the Smart Cities Mission, launched in 2015 by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs.
• Space Exploration (Statement C – Incorrect): India’s search for Earth-like planets or space exploration involves ISRO missions like Gaganyaan or the ExoWorlds studies, not Mission Indradhanush.
• New Educational Policy (Statement D – Incorrect): The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 governs the educational framework.

Notably, a separate "Indradhanush Plan" also exists for the banking sector (to revamp Public Sector Banks), but in the context of general government schemes, it primarily refers to the immunization drive. Intensified Mission Indradhanush (IMI) versions have since been launched to further bridge coverage gaps.