Q. In India, the use of carbofuran, methyl parathion, phorate and triazophos is viewed with apprehension. These chemicals are used as (UPSC Prelims 2019)
Answer: pesticides in agriculture
Notes: The correct answer is [A] pesticides in agriculture.These chemicals are highly toxic organophosphate and carbamate compounds used primarily as insecticides and nematicides to protect crops from various pests.

• Pesticides in Agriculture (Correct): Carbofuran, methyl parathion, phorate, and triazophos are systemic and contact pesticides. They are used to control insects in crops like paddy, cotton, and vegetables. However, they are viewed with apprehension due to their high toxicity, persistence in the environment, and potential for groundwater contamination.
• Preservatives in Food (Incorrect): These chemicals are toxic poisons and are strictly prohibited for use as food preservatives. Common food preservatives include sodium benzoate or potassium sorbate.
• Fruit-ripening Agents (Incorrect): Ethylene gas or Ethephon are commonly used for ripening. Calcium carbide is also frequently used (though illegal in India due to health risks), but it is chemically distinct from these pesticides.
• Cosmetics (Incorrect): Moisturizing agents in cosmetics include substances like glycerin, hyaluronic acid, or petrolatum. Using highly toxic agricultural pesticides in cosmetics would be lethal.

Due to their harmful effects on human health—specifically the nervous system—and their impact on non-target organisms like honeybees and birds, the Government of India has placed several of these under the restricted use category or has moved toward banning them entirely to promote safer alternatives and organic farming.