Q. If a wetland of international importance is brought under the 'Montreux Record', what does it imply? (UPSC Prelims 2014)
Answer: Changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring or are likely to occur in the wetland as a result of human interference
Notes: The correct answer is [A] Changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring or are likely to occur in the wetland as a result of human interference.The Montreux Record is a register of wetland sites on the List of Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar sites) where changes in ecological character have occurred, are occurring, or are likely to occur as a result of technological developments, pollution, or other human interference.

• Mechanism (Statement A – Correct): It is maintained as part of the Ramsar List. Its main purpose is to identify priority sites for conservation and technical assistance. A site is added to the record only with the approval of the Contracting Party (the country) in which it is located.
• Prohibition of Activity (Statement B – Incorrect): The Montreux Record does not mandate a specific "five-kilometer" buffer zone or a total prohibition of human activity via national law; rather, it encourages sustainable management and restoration.
• Cultural Practices (Statement C – Incorrect): While the Ramsar Convention recognizes cultural values, the specific trigger for the Montreux Record is "ecological character change" due to interference, not the preservation of local traditions.
• World Heritage Status (Statement D – Incorrect): UNESCO World Heritage status is a separate designation under a different convention.

Indian Context: Currently, two Indian wetlands are on the Montreux Record: Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan) and Loktak Lake (Manipur). Chilika Lake (Odisha) was previously listed but was removed in 2002 following successful restoration efforts.