Q. Identify the European power from whom Shivaji obtained cannons and ammunition.
Answer: The Portuguese
Notes: The Portuguese were very much afraid of Shivaji's increasing power and influence in the Deccan and were also worried about developing the Maratha navy under the guidance of Shivaji Maharaj, Portuguese started to aid all the adversaries of Shivaji Maharaj and for that, they asked the Adil Shahi Kingdom to make a pact. He was a reformist leader and introduced many changes in his administration and military affairs. He obtained cannons and ammunitions from the Portuguese.