Uttar Pradesh officially recognizes 12 scheduled tribes as per the latest government notifications. The major ST groups include Tharu, Buksa, and various Gond sub-groups, with many being added after 2003. Sonbhadra district has the highest concentration of STs in the state. Despite this, the ST population forms just 0.57% of UP's total and about 1.1% of India's total tribal population.
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