Q. Consider the following statements:

1. There is a cause and effect relationship between the northward shift of the equatorial trough (ITCZ) and the withdrawal of the westerly jet stream over North India.
2. ITCZ is responsible for the onset of the southwest monsoon in India.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Answer: Both 1 and 2
Notes: The northward shift of the ITCZ leads to the withdrawal of the westerly jet stream over North India, establishing a cause-effect relationship. ITCZ, as a zone of low pressure, draws moist maritime winds from the southern hemisphere, resulting in the southwest monsoon. Thus, both statements are correct and reflect established climatological processes affecting Indian monsoon patterns.