Q. Consider the following statements:

1. A keystone species is a species that dominates its ecosystem in terms of abundance and influence.
2. A foundation species is a species that has a disproportionately large effect on its environment relative to its population.

Which of the above statements is / are correct?
Answer: Neither 1 nor 2 is correct
Notes: Keystone species, as defined by T. Paine, exert significant influence on their ecosystem relative to their population, but do not dominate in abundance. Foundation species are typically abundant and shape ecosystem structure, such as corals, not by disproportionate effect but by presence. Thus, both statements reverse the accurate definitions and are incorrect.