Q. Consider the following pairs:

1. Ajatashatru — Used innovative war engines like catapults and chariots with swinging maces
2. Bimbisara — Established matrimonial alliances with the Licchavis and Kosala kingdoms
3. Udayin — Shifted the Magadhan capital to Pataliputra and fortified it

How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?
Answer: All three pairs
Notes: Ajatashatru innovated military technology with catapults and swinging-mace chariots. Bimbisara is credited with using matrimonial alliances with Licchavis and Kosala to strengthen Magadha. Udayin, Ajatashatru's son, moved the capital to Pataliputra and fortified it. Thus, all three pairs are correct as per historical sources on Magadhan rulers.