Q. Consider the following statements regarding Chaityas and Viharas:

1. Viharas were primarily designed for residential purposes, while Chaityas served as assembly halls for congregational or religious activities.
2. Chaityas characteristically included Stupas, whereas Viharas generally lacked Stupas in their architectural design.

Which of the above statements is / are correct?
Answer: Both 1 and 2
Notes: Both statements are correct. Viharas were monastic dwellings for Buddhist monks, mainly used for living and study. Chaityas were large prayer or assembly halls, typically housing a Stupa at one end for congregational worship. Initially made of wood, both evolved into rock-cut structures over time.