Q. Consider the following differences between Bhangar and Khadar alluvium soils in the northern plains of India:

1. Bhangar is formed of older alluvial deposits, while Khadar consists of newer alluvium.
2. Bhangar contains a higher proportion of lime and kankar (calcareous concretions) compared to Khadar.

Which of the above statements is/are correct?
Answer: Both 1 and 2
Notes: Bhangar constitutes the older alluvium found above the flood plains of the rivers and is comparatively higher and less fertile; it is richer in lime and kankar. Khadar, on the other hand, is the newer, fertile alluvium deposited by the river’s annual floods. Both statements 1 and 2 are, therefore, correct based on soil properties and composition in northern India.