Q. Consider the following:

1. Delhi Sultanate
2. Ottoman Empire
3. Abbasid Caliphate
4. Umayyad Caliphate

Which of the following is the correct chronological order of the establishment of these empires from earliest to latest?
Answer: 3 4 2 1
Notes: The Abbasid Caliphate was established in 750 CE, following the Umayyad Caliphate, which began in 661 CE. The Ottoman Empire emerged later, in the late 13th century, around 1299 CE. The Delhi Sultanate was established in 1206 CE, marking the beginning of Muslim rule in India. Thus, the chronological order of establishment is Abbasid (3), Umayyad (4), Ottoman (2), and Delhi Sultanate (1). Thus, the correct order is 3 4 2 1.