Q. As per Warren Hastings reforms, which among the following court was set up as appeal court in criminal cases?
Answer: Sadar Nizamat Adalat
Notes: The old system of justice was very simple as zamindar decided all petty cases. This was open to abuse and gave enough scope for the rich to oppress the poor. Hastings set upon himself to reform the judicial system. He established two courts in each districts, the Diwani Adalat to decide civil cases and the Faujdari Adalat to try criminal cases. In the Diwani Adalat, the Collector was to preside assisted by this 'native dewan'. The Faujdari Adalat was to be presided over by the Qazi or Mufti of the district and two maulavis subject to the supervision of the Collector. In addition to these, two superior courts were established at Calcutta – Sadar Diwani Adalat, as a Court of Appeal in civil cases and Sadar Nizamat Adalat to hear criminal appeals.
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