Dhokra Shilpkala
In recent years, traditional Indian art forms have gained global recognition, providing a boost to local artisans. However, some ancient arts like Dhokra face existential threats from rapid urbanization and a lack of patronage. This is why initiatives like Raipur-based Ocher Studio that aim to conserve Dhokra Shilpkala assume significance.
About Dhokra Shilpkala
Dhokra Shilpkala is an ancient metal casting technique practiced by tribal groups across central India, including Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, and Odisha. The word “Dhokra” traces its origins to the Dhokra Damar tribes, the traditional metal smiths of the region.
Believed to be at least 4,000 years old, Dhokra is a unique process involving the lost wax technique or cire perdue to create intricate metal-cast sculptures. This technique entails creating wax models by hand, which are then coated in clay to make a mold. The mold is heated, melting away the wax, and then filled with a molten brass-bronze alloy to cast the final sculpture.
Key Aspects and Process
Rustic Designs
Dhokra artisans derive inspiration from tribal culture, nature, and daily life. The products reflect a raw, earthy quality depicting tribal symbols, animals, birds, and deities.
Lost Wax Technique
The intricate process involves multiple steps like sculpting a wax model, building a clay mold, melting the wax away, and finally pouring molten metal to cast the product. This technique allows the creation of fine, delicate sculptures not possible with other methods.
Wide Range
From small figurines and jewelry to life-size sculptures and functional objects, Dhokra utilizes a variety of metals like brass, copper, and bronze to produce decorative art, toys, and utility items.
Sustaining Through Ocher Studio
The rich Dhokra heritage is under threat today from urbanization and modern alternatives. This is why organizations like Bhopal-based Ocher Studio train local Chhattisgarh Adivasis in the Dhokra tradition and help market their wares globally by tapping e-commerce platforms. They also organize workshops to raise awareness about India’s tribal arts.
Such initiatives provide Adivasis stable livelihoods as expert Dhokra artisans while preserving the legacy of this unique wax-casting technique for future generations. They boost pride in traditions that have endured since ancient times but struggle for patronage today. Overall, the efforts assure the survival and promotion of Dhokra as a seminal part of India’s tribal, cultural and artistic heritage.
The Way Forward
Dhokra is a seminal part of India’s artisanal heritage and needs active conservation through government and private efforts. Some steps in this direction would be:
- GI tagging for Dhokra to boost visibility and commercial value
- Marketing support for artisans through platforms like tribal haats
- Integration of Dhokra in urban decorative infrastructure and public spaces
- Inclusion of Dhokra in handicraft development schemes like SFURTI
- Documentation of Dhokra techniques for posterity through dedicated digital archives
Through such multidimensional efforts, this ancient art can sustain its legacy while also evolving meaningfully with the times. The rich creative spirit of Dhokra and its talented inheritors deserve due recognition and patronage.
