Answer: It is an ancient martial art and a living tradition in some parts of South India
Notes: The correct answer is [D] It is an ancient martial art and a living tradition in some parts of South India. Kalaripayattu is widely regarded as one of the oldest surviving fighting systems in the world, originating in Kerala during the 3rd century BCE. The name is derived from the Malayalam words Kalari (threshing floor or battlefield) and Payattu (training or exercise).Key Features of Kalaripayattu:
- Training Place (Kalari): The training takes place in a specially constructed rectangular pit dug into the ground. It usually contains a seven-tiered platform called the Poothara, which represents the guardian deity of the temple.
- Stages of Training:
- Meythari: Focuses on body flexibility and conditioning through rigorous floor exercises.
- Kolthari: Involves the use of wooden weapons like the Kettukari (long staff).
- Ankathari: Training with sharp metal weapons such as the Urumi (flexible sword), daggers, and shields.
- Verumkai: Bare-handed combat and self-defense techniques.
- Marmachikitsa: A unique aspect of Kalaripayattu is the knowledge of Marma (vital points) in the human body. Practitioners are trained in healing techniques and massage using medicinal oils to treat injuries and improve agility.
- [A] Bhakti cult: This describes movements like the Lingayats or Nayanars, not a physical martial art.
- [B] Bronze/Brasswork: This refers to traditions like Panchaloha or the Chola bronzes.
- [C] Dance-drama: While Kalaripayattu influenced dance forms like Kathakali and Theyyam, it is primarily a combat system, not a theatrical performance.
