Q. Who was the Viceroy of India when the Rowlatt Act was passed? (UPSC Prelims 2008)
Answer: Lord Chelmsford
Notes: The Rowlatt Act, officially the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, was passed on March 18, 1919, during Lord Chelmsford's tenure as Viceroy (1916-1921). It empowered the British to arrest and detain suspects without trial, sparking nationwide protests led by Gandhi, culminating in the Jallianwala Bagh massacre. Lord Irwin served from 1926 to 1931, Lord Reading from 1921 to 1926, and Lord Wavell from 1943 to 1947, all post-Rowlatt era.