Jaipal Singh founded the Jharkhand Party in 1950 by transforming the Adivasi Mahasabha, established in 1938, into a political party demanding a separate tribal state in eastern India. He was a prominent Munda tribal leader and former captain of the Indian hockey team in the 1928 Olympics. The party won 32 seats in the 1952 Bihar Assembly elections. Theodor Sureen and Kartik Oraon were notable tribal leaders but not founders of the Jharkhand Party. The party merged with the Congress in 1963.
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