Q. Who commanded the Mughal invasion of Konkan against the Marathas?
Answer: Shah Alam I
Notes: Shah Alam I, son of Aurangzeb, led the 1684 Mughal invasion of Konkan. The campaign failed due to Maratha resistance, harsh climate, and logistical issues. Heavy Mughal losses ensued, and they retreated without success, strengthening Maratha and Portuguese alliances.