Rajgriha, now called Rajgir in Bihar, was the first capital of ancient Magadha. It was known as Girivraj and was surrounded by mountains, making it strategically defensible. It was a major city during King Bimbisara's reign (c. 543–c. 491 BCE). Later, the capital shifted to Pataliputra (modern Patna), which was also an imperial capital during Mauryan and Gupta periods. Kapilvastu and Gandhar were regions unrelated as capitals of Magadha.
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