Answer: Research Design and Standards Organisation (RDSO)
Notes: Indian Railways is issuing tenders to equip 10,000 locomotives with Kavach 4.0, the latest version of the Automatic Train Protection system. Kavach is a highly reliable electronic safety system with a probability of error of 1 in 10,000 years. Developed by the Research Design and Standards Organisation (RDSO) with Indian industry, it features centralized live monitoring, prevents Signal Passing at Danger (SPAD), and includes automatic braking to prevent overspeeding.
