Answer: Ministry of Earth Sciences
Notes: The Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES) set up the Earth System Sciences Council (ESSC) to improve coordination across its institutes. ESSC integrates five autonomous institutes under one governance framework. It is chaired by the Union Minister for Earth Sciences for a whole-of-government approach. Institutes keep their original mandates but follow shared committees, a unified annual report and common administrative oversight. ESSC strengthens climate services, disaster preparedness, ocean research, atmospheric studies and public outreach.
