Oxygen is the most abundant element in the Earth’s crust, making up 467,100 ppm (parts per million) of the Earth’s crust, or 46.6%. It exists as a major compound of the silicate minerals where it combines with other elements. It also exists as a compound in carbonates and phosphates. Silicon is the second most common element pre-sent in the crust with an abundance of 276,900 ppm (27.7%).
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