Q. Which among the following is the cheapest mode of transport in terms of fixed plus running costs?
Answer: Waterways
Notes: The cheapest mode of transport in terms of fixed plus running costs is waterways. This is due to the low fuel consumption per ton-mile and the ability to carry large volumes of goods over long distances. For instance, transporting goods by barge can be up to 10 times more fuel-efficient than by truck. Additionally, waterways have lower infrastructure costs compared to railways and roadways, making them economically advantageous for bulk transport.