Solid carbon dioxide
"Dry ice" is solid carbon dioxide (CO2). Carbon dioxide freezes at -78.5 degrees Centigrade. When dry ice "melts" it undergoes a process called sublimation. This means that it is converted from a solid directly to a gas, bypassing the intermediate liquid stage. This is where the name "dry ice" comes from - when it melts, you never get any liquid, hence it's "dry".
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