Q. What is called the minimum distance from the Sun in a planet in its orbit?
Answer: Perihelion
Notes: The perihelion is the point in the orbit of a planet, asteroid or comet that is nearest to the Sun. It is the opposite of aphelion, which is the point farthest from the Sun. The Earth is closest to the Sun – at its Perihelion – about 2 weeks after the December Solstice and farthest from the Sun – at its Aphelion – about 2 weeks after the June Solstice.