Q. What does ‘Ulgulan’ mean in the context of Birsa Munda’s movement?
Answer: Revolt
Notes: Ulgulan means "The Great Tumult" or "Revolt" in the Mundari language spoken by the Munda tribe. Birsa Munda led this armed uprising from 1895 to 1900 against British colonial authorities and landlords in the Chotanagpur region, now part of Jharkhand. The revolt aimed to reclaim tribal land rights, end forced labor, and protect Adivasi culture. It spread through Khunti, Tamar, Basia, and Ranchi districts with about 7,000 participants by Christmas 1899.