Q. Under Warren Hastings and Lord Cornwallis, the East India Company developed a parallel judicial system known as the Adalat system to replace the traditional networks. Which of the following courts were established as part of this provincial and central judicial framework?

1. Diwani Adalat
2. Faujdari Adalat
3. Sadar Nizamat Adalat
4. Sadar Diwani Adalat

Select the correct option from the codes given below:
Answer: 1, 2, 3 & 4
Notes: The correct option is 4: 1, 2, 3 & 4. All four courts were integral to the Company's judicial system. Diwani and Faujdari Adalats (1 and 2) were established at the district level by Warren Hastings for civil and criminal cases. Sadar Adalats (3 and 4) served as apex appellate courts in Calcutta, handling civil appeals and major criminal reviews, respectively.