Q. Under the Indian Constitution, concentration of wealth violates (UPSC Prelims 2021)
Answer: the Directive Principles of State Policy
Notes: The correct answer is [B] the Directive Principles of State Policy. The Indian Constitution contains specific provisions aimed at ensuring social and economic justice by preventing the undue accumulation of resources.

• Directive Principles of State Policy (Correct): Article 39(c) of the Constitution specifically directs the State to ensure that "the operation of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment." Additionally, Article 39(b) mandates that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best to subserve the common good.
• Right to Equality (Option A – Incorrect): While Article 14 guarantees equality before the law, it does not explicitly mention the "concentration of wealth." The legal fight against wealth concentration is a socio-economic goal (DPSP) rather than a fundamental right, although the two are often read together by courts.
• Right to Freedom (Option C – Incorrect): Article 19 protects various freedoms, including the right to practice any profession or carry on any occupation. Unregulated freedom could actually lead to wealth concentration, which is why the DPSP acts as a guiding limit on these rights for the "common good."
• Concept of Welfare (Option D – Incorrect): While preventing wealth concentration is indeed a part of a "Welfare State," the question asks what it violates under the Constitution. The specific legal mandates are housed within the Directive Principles (Part IV).

The Supreme Court has historically used Article 39(b) and (c) to uphold the constitutional validity of laws related to land reforms, nationalization, and taxation aimed at reducing economic inequality.