Q. The ruler of which one of the following States was removed from power by the British on the pretext of misgovernance? (UPSC Prelims 2007)
Answer:
Awadh
Notes: In 1856, the British East India Company annexed Awadh (Oudh) and deposed its ruler, Wajid Ali Shah, citing misgovernance and maladministration as pretexts under the Doctrine of Lapse's subsidiary principles, though Awadh had a valid heir. This fueled resentment leading to the 1857 Revolt. Satara was annexed in 1848 strictly via Doctrine of Lapse (no heir); Jhansi in 1853 (same doctrine); French is invalid. Post-1857, such annexations ceased, confirming Awadh's unique case.