Q. Sects, Kapalikas, Kalamukhas, Matamayuras etc are related to which of the following? Answer:
Shaivism
Notes:
The Pasupata doctrine, founded by Lakulisa, was dualistic in nature.
The Kapalikas and the Kalamukhas were undoubtedly off-shoots of the Pasupata sect.
Other extreme sects of Saivism are the Aghoris (successors of Kapalikas) and the Gorakhnathis.
In Kashmir two moderate schools of Saivism were founded. Vasugupta founded the Pratyabhijna school, and his pupils, Kallata and Somananda, founded the Spandasastra school. All these teachings were systematised by Abhinava Gupta who founded a new monistic system, called the Trika.
Another moderate Saiva sect, known as Mattamayuras, flourished at the same time in central India and a little later in some parts of the Deccan.