Q. Orogenic forces are responsible for the formation of which of the following? Block Mountains Fold Mountains Relict Mountains Select the correct answer from the codes given below:
Answer: 1 and 2
Notes: Orogenic forces play a significant role in shaping the Earth's surface by giving rise to various mountain formations.

1. Block Mountains: Block mountains, also known as fault-block mountains, are created through the movement of large blocks of the Earth's crust along faults. These faults can be normal faults, reverse faults, or a combination of both. As orogenic forces exert pressure and cause the Earth's crust to move and deform, faults may develop, leading to the upliftment of some blocks while others subside. The result is a series of alternating uplifted and down-dropped blocks, forming block mountains. Orogenic forces are indeed involved in the formation of block mountains.
2. Fold Mountains: Fold mountains are primarily formed as a result of compressional forces caused by the collision or convergence of tectonic plates. When two tectonic plates collide, the immense pressure and stress cause the Earth's crust to fold and buckle. These folds create vast mountain ranges over time. The Himalayas, the Alps, and the Rocky Mountains are classic examples of fold mountains formed by orogenic forces.
3. Relict Mountains: Relict mountains are ancient mountain ranges that have undergone significant erosion and weathering over millions of years, leading to their reduced height and less prominent features. These mountains were once higher and more rugged due to orogenic activity during their formation. However, over time, erosion caused by natural forces such as wind, water, and ice has worn down their peaks and features. While the initial formation of relict mountains may have been influenced by orogenic forces, their current state is more a result of erosional processes.

Thus, based on the information provided, the correct answer is: [B] 1 and 2

2

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