Q. In which one among the following categories of protected areas in India are local people not allowed to collect and use the biotic resources? (UPSC Prelims 2012)
Answer: National Parks
Notes: The correct answer is [B] National Parks.In India, National Parks enjoy the highest level of legal protection under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972. Unlike other protected areas, no human activity is permitted inside a National Park except for those specifically allowed by the Chief Wildlife Warden for the benefit of wildlife.Why National Parks are Restrictive

• No Rights Allowed: When a National Park is notified, all private rights are extinguished. Local people are not allowed to collect firewood, graze cattle, or gather any biotic resources (like fruits, honey, or timber).
• Strict Boundaries: The boundaries of a National Park are circumscribed by legislation and cannot be altered except by a resolution passed by the State Legislature.
• Focus: The primary focus is the protection of the entire ecosystem (flora, fauna, and landscape) as a whole.

Comparison with Other Categories

Category	Local Resource Use	Key Features
National Parks	Strictly Prohibited	No grazing or private land rights; high protection.
Wildlife Sanctuaries	Permitted (Regulated)	Certain rights like grazing or timber collection may be allowed by the Chief Wildlife Warden.
Biosphere Reserves	Permitted in Buffer/Transition Zones	Divided into Core (no entry), Buffer, and Transition zones where sustainable use is encouraged.
Ramsar Wetlands	Permitted (Wise Use)	Emphasizes "Wise Use" which allows local communities to continue sustainable fishing or farming.