Q. In which of the following years the Nawab of Awadh virtually became independent of the Mughal rule?
Answer: 1753
Notes: In 1753, Nawab Shuja-ud-Daula of Awadh gained independence from Mughal rule, exploiting weakened Mughal authority and internal strife. He allied with the British East India Company, enhancing Awadh's autonomy. Under his rule, Lucknow prospered culturally, fostering poets, artists, and scholars, and establishing the Nawabi culture.