Q. In which of the following acts were the legislative councils established for the first time in provinces?
Answer: India Council Act, 1861
Notes: The provincial governments of other units were increasingly being subordinated to the Bengal Presidencies since the Regulation Act of 1773. In the Act of 1833, the Governor General of Bengal was elevated to the status of Governor General of India, i.e. a central government for the British-India was created. The power of provincial governments to pass laws was taken away and given to the central government. But, the experience soon showed that a vast country like India could not be efficiently administered like that. The Act of 1861 marked the turning of the tide of centralisation. It created legislative councils first in Bombay, Madras and Bengal and then in other provinces.

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