Q. In the context of world history, the 'Abbasids' refer to which of the following?
Answer: A branch of Caliphs
Notes: Following a period of civil war in the middle of 8th century, the Caliph at Damascus was replaced by a new dynasty, called the Abbasids. They set up their capital at the newly founded city of Baghdad. The Abbasids claimed to belong to the same tribe to which the Prophet Muhammad belonged. A great many achievements in the fields of literature, science, architecture, trade, culture and tolerance, etc. were notched up by the Abbasids. So, option c is the correct answer.