Q. In the context of Medieval Indian history, the "Circle of Justice" (Akhlaq) was a concept emphasized by chroniclers like Fakhr-i-Mudabbir. How was this concept applied to governance?

1. It suggested that a king can only survive with an army.
2. It stated that an army can only be maintained through land revenue collected from peasants.
3. It argued that peasants can only pay revenue when they are prosperous and happy.
4. It emphasized that prosperity of peasants is only possible when the king maintains justice.

Which of the statements given above are correct?
Answer: 1, 2, 3 and 4
Notes: The Circle of Justice was a fundamental medieval political theory establishing a chain of dependency: A king needs an army, which requires revenue collected from peasants; peasants can pay revenue only when they are prosperous and content, which is ensured by the king maintaining justice. Thus, all four statements together describe the concept comprehensively.