Q. In India, in which one of the following types of forests is teak a dominant tree species? (UPSC Prelims 2015)
Answer:
Tropical moist deciduous forest
Notes: The correct answer is
[A] Tropical moist deciduous forest. Teak (
Tectona grandis) is the most important and dominant commercial timber species found in these forests.
- Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest (Statement A – Correct): These forests are found in regions with rainfall between 100 cm and 200 cm. They cover a vast area of India, including the foothills of the Himalayas, the eastern slopes of the Western Ghats, and Odisha. Teak is the hallmark species here, often growing alongside Sal, Shisham, and Mahua.
- Tropical Rain Forest (Statement B – Incorrect): Also known as Tropical Evergreen forests, these occur in areas with rainfall over 200 cm. Dominant species include Rosewood, Mahogany, and Ebony. Teak does not dominate here as it requires a distinct dry season to shed its leaves.
- Tropical Thorn Scrub Forest (Statement C – Incorrect): Found in semi-arid areas with rainfall less than 70 cm. The vegetation consists of acacias, euphorbias, and cacti.
- Temperate Forest with Grasslands (Statement D – Incorrect): These are found in high-altitude Himalayan regions or the Nilgiris (Sholas). They consist of species like Oak, Chestnut, and Deodar, which are climatically unsuited for Teak.
Teak is highly valued for its durability and water resistance, making it the primary choice for shipbuilding and high-quality furniture. In India, the central and southern states like Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Karnataka are major hubs for natural Teak forests.