The Mahajanapadas were sixteen kingdoms or oligarchic republics that existed in ancient India from the sixth to fourth centuries BC, during the lifetime of Gautam Buddha. Ancient Buddhist texts like the Anguttara Nikaya make frequent reference to sixteen great kingdoms and republics which had evolved and flou-rished in a belt stretching from Gandhara in the north-west to Anga in the eastern part of the Indian sub-continent.
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