Q. From the ecological point of view, which one of the following assumes importance in being a good link between the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats? (UPSC Prelims 2017)
Answer: Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve
Notes: The correct answer is [A] Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve. Located in the Erode district of Tamil Nadu, this reserve serves as a vital strategic gateway between the two major mountain ranges of Peninsular India.

• Geographical Significance (Statement A – Correct): The Sathyamangalam Tiger Reserve (STR) is situated at the confluence of the Eastern Ghats and the Western Ghats. This creates a continuous forest patch that allows for the genetic exchange and migration of wildlife, particularly elephants and tigers, between the two ecosystems.
• Wildlife Corridor: It acts as a bridge connecting the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (Western Ghats) with the Biligirirangan Hills (Eastern Ghats). It supports a significant population of tigers and is part of the largest elephant habitat in India.
• Nallamala Forest (Statement B – Incorrect): These forests are located in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana within the Eastern Ghats. While ecologically rich, they do not serve as a physical link to the Western Ghats.
• Nagarhole National Park (Statement C – Incorrect): Part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve in Karnataka, Nagarhole is firmly rooted in the Western Ghats. It is famous for its tiger and elephant density but is not the "link" point to the Eastern Ghats.
• Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve (Statement D – Incorrect): Located in the Tirupati region of Andhra Pradesh, Seshachalam is part of the Eastern Ghats and is renowned for its Red Sanders trees, but it is geographically distant from the Western Ghats.

The area is also home to the Irula and Soliga tribal communities, who have coexisted with the wildlife in this unique transition zone for centuries.