Q. Consider the following pairs relating to causes of land degradation and the respective Indian states:
  1. Deforestation due to mining: Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha
  2. Overgrazing: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra
  3. Over irrigation: Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh
Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

Answer: All of the above
Notes: Deforestation due to mining leads to land degradation in Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh and Odisha. Overgrazing is a principal cause in Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra. Over irrigation results in waterlogging and increased salinity and alkalinity in Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh. All three pairs are therefore correctly matched as per reported causes and states.
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