Q. Ulugh Khan was name of which ruler of Mamluk dynasty?
Answer: Ghiyas ud din Balban
Notes: After a period of chaos since the death of Razia, Ulugh Khan, one of her main opponent, consolidated power in his own hand between 1246 to.1287 CE. He took the title of ‘Sultan Ghiyas-ud-din Balban’ on ascending the throne of Delhi Sultanate in 1265 CE.  One of the reasons for instability since the departure of Razia was the destabilizing role played by the Chahalgani nobles. Balban was one of them. So, he knew that Chahalgani must be destroyed to provide stability to the Sultanate. So, he used all means necessary to subdue the recalcitrant Turkish nobles. Some were transferred and some were killed. He also increased central oversight into the affairs of Iqta.  Throughout Balban’s reign, Mongols were an existential threat to the Sultanate. Balban adopted a multi-pronged strategy to deal with it, one of which was to focus on consolidation rather than expansion of Delhi Sultanate. He focused on internal law & order, communication, security etc. His expedition against the rebellious Bengal governor was the only campaign he undertook. Otherwise, he undertook no territorial expansion.

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