Q. Consider the following statements regarding the 'Kulinism' system introduced in medieval Bengal:

1. It was established to reorganize the social hierarchy among Brahmanas and Kayasthas.
2. It emphasized "purity of lineage" and specific moral qualities over mere ritual status.
3. The system was famously institutionalized by the Sena ruler, Ballalasena.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Answer: 1, 2 and 3
Notes: Ballalasena of the Sena Dynasty introduced Kulinism to revitalize orthodox Hindu society by reorganizing the social order among Brahmanas and Kayasthas. The system emphasized purity of lineage and moral virtues rather than just ritual status, responding to the influence of preceding Buddhist Pala rule and establishing a noble class based on nine virtues.