Q. Consider the following statements: - Maize can be used for the production of starch.
- Oil extracted from maize can be a feedstock for biodiesel.
- Alcoholic beverages can be produced by using maize.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (UPSC Prelims 2014)
Answer:
1, 2 and 3
Notes: The correct answer is
[D] 1, 2 and 3. Maize (
Zea mays), commonly known as corn, is one of the most versatile cereal crops in the world. Its high carbohydrate (starch) and oil content makes it valuable far beyond its use as a primary food source for humans and livestock.Analysis of the Statements:
- Production of Starch (Statement 1 – Correct): Maize is the primary source of industrial starch globally. The kernel contains about 70% starch. Through a process called wet milling, the starch is separated from the gluten, germ, and fiber. This maize starch is used in the food industry (thickeners), paper industry (sizing), and textile industry.
- Feedstock for Biodiesel (Statement 2 – Correct): While maize is most famous for producing ethanol (a biofuel), the oil extracted from the maize germ (corn oil) can indeed be used as a feedstock for biodiesel. Though it is more commonly used as a high-quality cooking oil, the transesterification process can convert corn oil into biodiesel that meets fuel standards.
- Alcoholic Beverages (Statement 3 – Correct): Maize is a fundamental ingredient in the spirits industry. It is the primary grain used in the production of Bourbon whiskey (which must be at least 51% corn by law) and is also used in the fermentation process for various types of beer and neutral grain spirits (like certain vodkas and gins) due to its high fermentable sugar content.
Versatility of Maize:| Product | Primary Use |
| High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) | Sweetener in soft drinks and processed foods. |
| Ethanol | Biofuel blended with gasoline (E10, E20). |
| Zein Protein | Used in edible coatings for candy and vitamins. |
| DDGS | Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles (high-protein animal feed). |
Economic Significance:In India, maize is the third most important cereal crop after rice and wheat. Its ability to serve as a raw material for diverse industries—ranging from pharmaceuticals to renewable energy—makes it a "miracle crop" for industrial growth.