Q. Bahram Shah ruled the Mamluk dynasty during which of the following periods?
Answer: 1240 to 1242 CE
Notes: Bahram Shah, son of Iltutmish, ruled from 1240 to 1242 CE after Razia Sultana. He was supported by the Forty (Chihalgani) but faced internal conflicts and a Mongol threat. He was murdered by his army in 1242 CE and succeeded by Alauddin Masud Shah, marking the decline of the Mamluk dynasty's centralized power.