Biogeographic realms or ecozones divide global biota into large zones representing distinct climates, evolutionary histories, and ecological communities. Classification systems categorize regional flora and fauna to aid biographic...
Coral reefs are unique and highly productive ecosystems found in warm, clear, shallow waters of tropical oceans. Coral polyps build reef structures over thousands of years, creating shelter...
Mangrove swamp forests are unique intertidal ecosystems found along tropical and subtropical coastlines and estuaries. Mangrove trees thrive in brackish waters along shorelines, adapting to regular tidal flooding....
Biomes are distinct biological communities formed in response to a shared climate. They are typically categorized by factors such as plant structures, leaf types, plant spacing, and climate....
There are different facets of biological diversity across spatial scales and organizational levels—everything from genetic variance within species to biome diversity across continents. Ecologists have created a framework...
Ecological communities and ecosystems are incredibly complex systems, composed of dynamic webs of interacting organisms. However, within these networks exist select species that serve disproportionately vital roles. These...
Approximately 25% of species face endangerment globally from human impacts like habitat loss, climate change, overharvesting, and pollution. To sustain ecosystems essential for human economies and welfare, conserving...
A tolerance range refers to the optimum levels of environmental factors that a species needs to survive and thrive. Every species can cope with changes in factors like...
Carrying capacity refers to the maximum number of individuals or population that a specific environment can support sustainably, based on available food, habitat, water and other life necessities...
Ecological succession refers to a sequential change of organisms as an area progresses from a condition in which it is relatively poor in species composition and organic content,...
