Q. Consider the following observations about the religion in early medieval India:
  1. Bhakti became a distinct feature of religion
  2. Tantrism permeated Jainism, Buddhism, Shaivism as well as Vaishnavism
  3. Theory of incarnation became very prominent
  4. Earlier practice of Yajnas gave way to the practice of Puja (worship)
Which of the above statements is / are correct?

Answer: 1, 2, 3 & 4
Notes: Bhakti, or devotional worship, became a distinct feature in early medieval India, emphasizing devotion and love. Tantrism influenced various religious traditions like Jainism, Buddhism, Shaivism and Vaishnavism, emphasizing rituals, mantras, and meditation. The theory of incarnation, the belief of deity taking a human form, gained prominence. The previous practice of Yajnas, or sacrificial rituals, gave way to Puja (worship), a form of devotional rituals involving offerings. Therefore, all of the observations listed are correct.
Question Source: 📚This question has been sourced from GKToday's Target UPSC Prelims for 2026, 2027 & 2028 App Exclusive Course in GKToday Android Application which provides more than 12K Topicwise UPSC Prelims General Studies questions with explanations framed on UPSC pattern. Download the app here.
📌 Question Number: 5 in 17: Religious & Cultural Movements (Bhakti and Sufi) in the above course in App.