Q. With reference to India, which of the following are considered components of Shadow Banking?

1. Money Market Funds
2. Credit Investment Fund
3. Hedge Funds
4. NBFCs

Select the correct option from the codes given below:
Answer: 1, 2, 3 & 4
Notes: Shadow banking in India includes entities performing bank-like activities outside the traditional banking system. Money market funds, credit investment funds, hedge funds, and NBFCs are all part of shadow banking as defined by the Financial Stability Board. They conduct credit intermediation, maturity transformation, and provide funding similar to commercial banks, but operate outside regular banking regulation.